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Related Experiment Videos

Acute promyelocytic leukemia.

D Douer1

  • 1Division of Hematology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.

Current Treatment Options in Oncology
|June 12, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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All trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with chemotherapy offers high cure rates for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). New strategies address relapsed APL, but optimal treatment for relapses remains under investigation.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treatment differs significantly from other acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtypes.
  • All trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is a cornerstone of initial APL therapy.
  • APL exhibits unique sensitivity to specific chemotherapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the distinct treatment strategies for acute promyelocytic leukemia.
  • To discuss the role of All trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy in APL induction and maintenance.
  • To explore novel approaches for managing relapsed or refractory APL.

Main Methods:

  • Concurrent administration of ATRA and chemotherapy for remission induction.
  • Consolidation chemotherapy regimens, including anthracyclines.

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  • Maintenance therapy with low-dose chemotherapy or ATRA.
  • Investigational therapies such as arsenic trioxide and liposomal ATRA for relapsed cases.

    • Main Results:

    • Combined ATRA and chemotherapy induction is associated with reduced relapse rates.
    • Disease-free survival rates of 70-80% are achievable with appropriate consolidation.
    • APL shows enhanced sensitivity to higher-dose anthracyclines compared to other AML subtypes.
    • Maintenance therapy improves long-term outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • ATRA and chemotherapy provide a highly effective, curative approach for newly diagnosed APL.
    • Treatment for relapsed APL is evolving, with ATRA and arsenic trioxide showing promise in specific scenarios.
    • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is considered for relapsed APL when other options fail, though its role is diminishing with new therapies.