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Localized bladder cancer.
1Department of Urology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Box 110, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Current Treatment Options in Oncology
|June 12, 2002
Summary
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) management depends on cancer stage. Superficial TCC may be treated with surgery or intravesical therapies like bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), while advanced cases may require radical cystectomy.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Oncology
Background:
- Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) constitutes 90% of bladder cancers.
- Accurate diagnosis and staging are crucial for localized TCC management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the management strategies for localized transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder.
- To detail therapeutic options based on tumor stage and prognostic factors.
Main Methods:
- Review of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for bladder TCC.
- Classification of TCC based on invasiveness (superficial, lamina propria invasive, carcinoma in situ).
Main Results:
- Noninvasive papillary TCC is treated with transurethral resection.
- Intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy or chemotherapy is used for lamina propria invasive tumors and carcinoma in situ to reduce recurrence and progression.
- Radical cystectomy is the treatment of choice for TCC refractory to endoscopic procedures and intravesical agents or for disease progression.
Conclusions:
- Treatment decisions for bladder TCC are guided by histologic factors and staging.
- A range of therapies, from minimally invasive procedures to radical surgery, are employed based on disease characteristics.
- Effective management of TCC involves a stepwise approach tailored to individual patient and tumor factors.