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Thyroid hormone, brain development, and the environment.

Thomas R Zoeller1, Amy L S Dowling, Carolyn T A Herzig

  • 1Biology Department, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 10003, USA. tzoeller@bio.umass.edu

Environmental Health Perspectives
|June 13, 2002
PubMed
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Environmental chemicals can disrupt thyroid function, impacting brain development. New research on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) highlights risks to thyroid hormone-responsive genes, urging revised risk analysis for thyroid disruptors.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental health
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormone is critical for normal brain development.
  • Environmental chemicals can interfere with thyroid function, leading to dysfunction.
  • Both deficiencies (e.g., iodine) and excesses (e.g., thionamides) of thyroid hormone disrupt function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of environmental chemicals on thyroid function and brain development.
  • To present new research on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) altering thyroid hormone-responsive genes in the developing brain.
  • To support a novel approach to risk analysis for thyroid disruptors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical and experimental research on thyroid disruptors.
  • Focus on experimental research investigating the effects of PCBs on gene expression in the developing brain.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of thyroid hormone-responsive genes affected by environmental chemicals.

    • Main Results:

    • Environmental chemicals commonly found in human and wildlife tissues can alter thyroid function.
    • Developing brains are highly sensitive to thyroid hormone imbalances (excess or deficit).
    • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were shown to alter the expression of thyroid hormone-responsive genes.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid hormone disruption by environmental chemicals poses a significant risk to brain development.
    • Existing risk assessment strategies for thyroid disruptors may be insufficient.
    • A new approach to risk analysis is needed, considering the sensitivity of developmental processes to thyroid disruption.