Simplified method for producing permanent ruminal fistulae

A quick and simple method for establishing permanent rumimal fistulae is described. A frozen cannula is forced into the rumen in a manner similar to the use of a trocar. Minimal equipment is required, and the entire operation can be performed in 15 to 20 min in sheep or 30 min in cattle. The technique has been used successfully to fistulate seven sheep and two cows.