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Persistent parapoxvirus infection in cattle
Yuko Iketani1, Yasuo Inoshima, Akihiro Asano
1National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Microbiology and Immunology
|June 14, 2002
Summary
Persistent parapoxvirus (PPV) infection in cattle can be subclinical. The PPV genome was detected in lymph nodes and activated under stress or immunosuppression, indicating persistent infection potential.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Parapoxvirus (PPV) infections can affect cattle.
- Understanding the persistence and activation of PPV is crucial for disease management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the possibility of persistent parapoxvirus (PPV) infection in cattle.
- To determine viral activation under immunosuppressive conditions.
Main Methods:
- Experimental inoculation of cattle with PPV.
- Serological and genetic detection of PPV.
- Administration of dexamethasone (DM) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).
- Viral genome detection in peripheral blood leukocytes and lymph nodes.
Main Results:
- Cattle developed persistent antibodies to PPV after experimental infection.
- The PPV genome was rarely detected in leukocytes under normal conditions but frequently after IFN-gamma injection.
- Viral genomes were detected in lymph nodes of euthanized infected cattle.
- PPV infection was subclinical and persistent, with activation under stress or immunosuppression.
Conclusions:
- Cattle can harbor PPV subclinically and persistently.
- The virus resides in lymphatic tissues during asymptomatic infection.
- Stress or immunosuppression can reactivate PPV, as shown by IFN-gamma administration.