Markers of inflammation and hypercoagulability in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with lower extremity ischemia

Lower extremity ischemia is one aspect of atherosclerosis, a disease associated with both inflammation and hypercoagulability. Many recent studies have focused on a diversity of mechanisms by which inflammation can promote blood clotting. However, it has not been proven that inflammation can actually trigger clinically relevant thrombus formation in vivo. The purpose of the study was to determine the plasma levels of markers of inflammation and their possible association with markers for coagulability with special emphasis on the difference between patients with and without diabetes. Forty-six patients, 20 diabetics and 26 without diabetes scheduled for lower extremity revascularisation were examined by preoperative blood sampling. A strong positive correlation between C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen was found, particularly in diabetics. A high fibrinogen level was not associated with other markers of hypercoagulability, Thrombin-Antithrombin (TAT), Prothrombin Fragment 1+2 (F 1+2) and D-dimer although the latter three correlated with each other. There was also a correlation between von Willebrand antigen (vWF) and CRP, also in this case the relationship was dependent on the findings in patients with diabetes. It is concluded that there is a difference between diabetic and nondiabetic patients with lower limb ischemia with the former showing stronger signs of inflammation.