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Early detection of infantile pre-type 1 diabetes case with transient hyperglycemia
Hiroki Hirai1, Yukikazu Kaino, Takuo Ito
1Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shigenobu, 791-0295, Ehime, Japan.
Insights
This study reports the first case in Japan of an infant diagnosed with prediabetes, showing transient hyperglycemia and specific autoantibodies, suggesting early type 1 diabetes development before symptoms appear.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease typically diagnosed after clinical manifestation.
- Early detection of T1D autoimmunity in infants is crucial for understanding disease progression.
Observation:
- An infant presented with transient hyperglycemia and reduced insulin secretion during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT).
- The presence of IA-2 autoantibodies (IA-2Ab) was detected in the infant's serum.
Findings:
- The combination of hyperglycemia, impaired insulin secretion, and IA-2Ab indicated a prediabetic stage.
- This represents the first reported case of T1D diagnosed prior to clinical onset in Japan.
Implications:
- This case highlights the potential for diagnosing T1D in its prediabetic phase in infants.
- Early diagnosis may enable future interventions to delay or prevent clinical T1D onset.
- Further research is needed to validate early diagnostic markers for T1D in pediatric populations.
Abstract:
The patient was an infant with transient hyperglycemia and decreased endogenous insulin secretion on intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) with the appearance of IA-2 autoantibodies (IA-2Ab), and we speculated that he was in the prediabetes stage. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported to be diagnosed as type 1 diabetes prior to clinical onset in Japan.