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Foodborne viruses.

Marion Koopmans1, Carl Henrik von Bonsdorff, Jan Vinjé

  • 1National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Research Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. marion.koopmans@rivm.nl

FEMS Microbiology Reviews
|June 19, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Foodborne viral infections from Norwalk-like caliciviruses (NLV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are rising due to food handling and processing. Molecular methods aid in tracing outbreaks, but better surveillance is needed for rapid detection and prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Food safety and public health
  • Virology and epidemiology

Background:

  • Foodborne and waterborne viral infections are a growing concern, linked to modern food processing and consumption.
  • Norwalk-like caliciviruses (NLV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are key culprits in foodborne outbreaks, spread through contaminated food, water, or contact.
  • These viruses can cause asymptomatic infections, leading to widespread transmission and amplification of outbreaks, particularly impacting the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increasing threat of foodborne viral pathogens.
  • To discuss the role of NLV and HAV in widespread outbreaks.
  • To emphasize the need for improved detection and surveillance systems for foodborne viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of foodborne viral transmission.

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  • Discussion of molecular tracing techniques for NLV and HAV.
  • Analysis of limitations in current detection and prevention strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • NLV and HAV are significant causes of foodborne illness, with outbreaks amplified by asymptomatic infections and secondary cases.
    • Molecular methods enable strain tracing and detection of common source outbreaks.
    • Almost any food can be implicated if handled by an infected individual; detection methods are limited, especially outside shellfish.

    Conclusions:

    • Existing surveillance systems primarily focus on bacteria, necessitating the integration of epidemiological and virological data for rapid foodborne virus detection.
    • Development of a combined laboratory-based rapid detection system is crucial.
    • Enhanced surveillance, including viral typing, can accelerate outbreak reporting and prevent further spread.