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The basis of arbovirus classification.

J S Porterfield

    Medical Biology
    |October 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Arboviruses are a diverse group of over 300 viruses, with most classified into five main genera: alphavirus, flavivirus, orbivirus, rhabdovirus, and bunyavirus. This classification aids in understanding arbovirus taxonomy and relationships.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Arthropod-borne viruses
    • Taxonomy

    Background:

    • Arboviruses encompass over 300 distinct viruses.
    • These viruses are categorized into approximately 40 serological groups based on antigenic cross-reactivity.
    • Current classification relies on fundamental virion properties, with five major genera identified.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide an overview of arbovirus classification.
    • To detail the major taxonomic genera of arboviruses.
    • To highlight specific examples and classifications within arboviruses.

    Main Methods:

    • Serological grouping based on antigenic cross-reactivity.
    • Taxonomic classification based on fundamental virion properties.
    • Review of existing arbovirus classifications and identification of unclassified viruses.

    Main Results:

    • Over three-quarters of arboviruses are placed into five major genera: alphavirus, flavivirus, orbivirus, rhabdovirus, and bunyavirus.
    • Alphaviruses (20) and flaviviruses (57) belong to Togaviridae. Orbiviruses (40) are in Reoviridae. Rhabdoviruses (8) are in Rhabdoviridae. Bunyaviruses (approx. 160) are in Bunyaviridae.
    • African swine fever virus (DNA arbovirus) is an Iridovirus. Nodamura virus requires reclassification due to its divided genome. Some arboviruses remain unclassified.

    Conclusions:

    • The five major genera represent the primary taxonomic framework for most arboviruses.
    • Specific viruses like African swine fever virus and Nodamura virus present unique classification challenges.
    • Ongoing classification efforts are necessary for a comprehensive understanding of arbovirus diversity.

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