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Orf virus immuno-modulation and the host immune response
David M Haig1, Jackie Thomson, Colin McInnes
1Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK. haigd@mri.sari.ac.uk
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
|June 20, 2002
Summary
Orf virus uses immuno-modulators like OVIFNR and vIL-10 to block host defenses, including interferon and inflammatory cytokines. This allows the virus to replicate within epidermal cells.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Orf virus possesses immuno-modulatory genes that disrupt host anti-viral responses.
- Understanding these viral proteins is crucial for comprehending orf pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the function of Orf virus immuno-modulatory proteins.
- To elucidate how these proteins contribute to viral pathogenesis and replication.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of Orf virus immuno-modulatory genes and their functions.
- Investigating the inhibitory effects of OVIFNR, vIL-10, and GIF on host immune mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Orf virus interferon resistance protein (OVIFNR) and virus IL-10 (vIL-10) inhibit interferon production and activity.
- vIL-10 suppresses inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages and keratinocytes.
- Virus GM-CSF inhibitory factor (GIF) inhibits the biological activity of GM-CSF and IL-2.
Conclusions:
- Orf virus employs multiple immuno-modulators to evade host immunity.
- These viral proteins collectively target key anti-viral effector mechanisms, facilitating virus replication in epidermal cells.