N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor is required to organize functional exocytotic microdomains in paramecium

In exocytosis, secretory granules contact plasma membrane at sites where microdomains can be observed, which are sometimes marked by intramembranous particle arrays. Such arrays are particularly obvious when membrane fusion is frozen at a subterminal stage, e.g., in neuromuscular junctions and ciliate exocytotic sites. In Paramecium, a genetic approach has shown that the "rosettes" of intramembranous particles are essential for stimulated exocytosis of secretory granules, the trichocysts. The identification of two genes encoding the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), a chaperone ATPase involved in organelle docking, prompted us to analyze its potential role in trichocyst exocytosis using a gene-silencing strategy. Here we show that NSF deprivation strongly interferes with rosette assembly but does not disturb the functioning of exocytotic sites already formed. We conclude that rosette organization involves ubiquitous partners of the fusion machinery and discuss where NSF could intervene in this mechanism.