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Guidelines on bladder cancer
Willem Oosterlinck1, Bernard Lobel, Gerhard Jakse
1Department of Urology, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium. willem.oosterlinck@rug.ac.be
Objectives:
On behalf of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of bladder cancer patients were established. Criteria for recommendations were evidence based, and included aspects of cost-effectiveness and clinical feasibility.
Method:
A systematic literature research using Medline Services was conducted. References were weighted by a panel of experts.
Results:
TNM 1997 classification and WHO grading 1998 are recommended. Recommendations are developed for diagnosis for bladder cancer in general, treatment of superficial and infiltrative bladder cancer, and follow-up after different types of treatment modalities, such as intravesical instillations, radical cystectomy, urinary diversions, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.