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Allergic reactions occurring during anaesthesia.

P M Mertes1, M C Laxenaire

  • 1CHU de Nancy, Hĵpital Central, Département d'Anesthésie-réanimation, France.

European Journal of Anaesthesiology
|June 21, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anaphylaxis during anesthesia is increasingly reported, with muscle relaxants and latex as common culprits. Prompt allergy assessment and specific investigations are crucial for diagnosis and future prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Epidemiology

Background:

  • Anaphylactic reactions during anesthesia are rising globally.
  • Life-threatening anaphylaxis can be triggered by any perioperative drug.
  • Incidence estimates range from 1:10,000 to 1:20,000.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increasing incidence and challenges in diagnosing perioperative anaphylaxis.
  • To emphasize the importance of systematic investigation for accurate diagnosis and future prevention.
  • To underscore the need for specialized clinical networks in allergo-anesthesiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published reports on anaphylaxis incidence, particularly from France, Australia, UK, and New Zealand.
  • Analysis of causative agents, with muscle relaxants and latex identified as frequent triggers.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods including plasma histamine, tryptase, specific IgE, and skin tests.

Main Results:

  • Muscle relaxants (69.1%) and latex (12.1%) are the most common causes of anaphylaxis.
  • Clinical symptoms alone are insufficient for distinguishing anaphylactic from anaphylactoid reactions.
  • Accurate diagnosis requires pre- and postoperative investigations.

Conclusions:

  • Systematic clinical and laboratory investigations are essential for diagnosing perioperative anaphylaxis.
  • Allergy assessment is vital for high-risk patients due to lack of reliable preventive treatments.
  • Development of allergo-anesthesiology networks is needed for expert advice and management.