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Related Concept Videos

MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Yeast Signaling01:28

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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Parallel Interrogation of β-Arrestin2 Recruitment for Ligand Screening on a GPCR-Wide Scale using PRESTO-Tango Assay
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MAPK signaling specificity: it takes two to tango.

Ashton Breitkreutz1, Mike Tyers

  • 1Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Room 1080, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.

Trends in Cell Biology
|June 21, 2002
PubMed
Summary

A limited set of core signaling pathways creates diverse cell responses. In yeast, a single mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway transmits distinct mating and invasive growth signals.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular signaling pathways
  • Molecular biology
  • Yeast genetics

Background:

  • Core signaling pathways generate diverse cellular responses.
  • Responses can be cell type-specific or context-dependent within a single cell.
  • Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are crucial for cellular communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how a single MAPK module in budding yeast transmits distinct signals.
  • To understand the mechanisms underlying differential MAPK activation.
  • To investigate the generation of diverse cellular responses from a limited signaling repertoire.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of MAPK signaling in budding yeast.
  • Investigating signal transduction pathways.

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  • Comparative study of pheromone and invasive growth signaling.

    • Main Results:

    • A single MAPK module in budding yeast appears to process both mating pheromone and invasive growth signals.
    • Evidence suggests mechanisms for differential activation of the MAPK pathway exist.
    • This system demonstrates how a limited set of core pathways can yield distinct cellular outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • The study highlights the adaptability of core signaling pathways.
    • Differential activation mechanisms allow a single pathway to mediate diverse cellular functions.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is key to comprehending cellular response diversity.