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Infectious salmon anaemia virus.

Espen Rimstad1, Siri Mjaaland

  • 1Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Food Hygiene, Oslo, Norway. espen.rimstad@veths.no

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Aquaculture
  • Fish Pathology

Background:

  • Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is an economically significant orthomyxovirus impacting farmed Atlantic salmon populations.
  • Outbreaks can lead to severe mortality, ranging from negligible to over 90% in affected net pens.
  • Transmission routes include management activities like well-boat traffic and potential contact with wild fish.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics of ISAV, comparing its properties to influenza viruses.
  • To explore the phylogenetic relationship of ISAV within the Orthomyxoviridae family.
  • To identify potential novel aspects of ISAV biology, such as the function of its variable haemagglutinin region.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of viral structure and replication strategies between ISAV and influenza viruses.
  • Examination of ISAV haemagglutinating and receptor-destroying activities.
  • Genetic data alignment studies to determine phylogenetic relationships.

Main Results:

  • ISAV shares similarities with influenza viruses in particle structure and replication but differs in optimal replication temperature and host immune response.
  • Variability in the ISAV haemagglutinin molecule is localized near the transmembrane region, with its function currently unknown.
  • Phylogenetic analysis suggests a distant relationship to influenza viruses, potentially indicating a new genus within Orthomyxoviridae.

Conclusions:

  • ISAV represents a significant pathogen in salmon aquaculture with unique biological characteristics.
  • The virus's haemagglutinin variability may suggest recent or ongoing host-species adaptation.
  • ISAV's distinct phylogenetic position supports its classification as a potentially new genus within the Orthomyxoviridae family.