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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Magnetic Fields01:28

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire01:27

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire

Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:25

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
11:41

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Published on: May 19, 2014

Coherent spin oscillations in a disordered magnet.

S Ghosh1, R Parthasarathy, T F Rosenbaum

  • 1The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 22, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a novel spin liquid state in magnetic materials. This state exhibits unique spectral properties and allows for simultaneous information encoding at multiple frequencies.

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum magnetism

Background:

  • Conventional glasses exhibit unique spectral properties upon cooling.
  • Magnetic dipoles in solid matrices typically freeze at low temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the low-temperature behavior of randomly distributed magnetic dipoles in a solid matrix.
  • To characterize the spectral properties and dynamics of the condensed state.

Main Methods:

  • Cooling a solid matrix with randomly distributed magnetic dipoles to low temperatures.
  • Measuring nonlinear magnetic dynamics.
  • Analyzing spectral properties and spin oscillations.

Main Results:

  • Magnetic dipoles condensed into a spin liquid state, exhibiting spectral properties opposite to conventional glasses.
  • Coherent spin oscillations involving hundreds of spins were observed with lifetimes up to 10 seconds.
  • These spin excitations are frequency-tunable and manipulable by magnetic fields.

Conclusions:

  • The discovered spin liquid represents a novel state of matter with unique magnetic properties.
  • Coherent spin oscillations offer potential for advanced information encoding and quantum technologies.