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Agroecosystems, nitrogen-use efficiency, and nitrogen management.

Kenneth G Cassman1, Achim Dobermann, Daniel T Walters

  • 1Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA. kcassman1@unl.edu

Ambio
|June 25, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Optimizing nitrogen (N) use in maize, rice, and wheat systems is crucial for balancing food production, profit, and environmental quality. Understanding N efficiency and losses is key to developing effective agricultural policies and practices globally.

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Agronomy

Background:

  • Global food demand and environmental quality are increasingly challenged by agricultural practices.
  • Maize, rice, and wheat cropping systems are central to global food security and environmental impact.
  • Nitrogen (N) management is critical for optimizing crop yield, economic profit, and environmental protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of synchronizing nitrogen supply with crop demand in major food production systems.
  • To emphasize the need for quantitative understanding of N-use efficiency and losses.
  • To inform research agendas and policy development for sustainable agriculture.

Main Methods:

  • The study emphasizes a quantitative understanding of biophysical controls on N fate.

Related Experiment Videos

  • It calls for analysis of economic returns from improved N management practices.
  • It integrates knowledge from basic biology, ecology, and biogeochemistry.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieving synchrony between N supply and crop demand is identified as the key to optimizing yield, profit, and environmental protection.
    • Current levels of N-use efficiency and losses require detailed assessment.
    • The complexity of controlling N fate in cropping systems under increasing yield demands is highlighted.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective N management in maize, rice, and wheat systems is essential for addressing global food and environmental challenges.
    • Further research and policy development are needed to improve N-use efficiency and minimize losses.
    • Sustainable intensification of agriculture requires a comprehensive understanding of N dynamics in cropping systems.