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Related Experiment Videos

Full-length HERV-H elements with env SU open reading frames in the human genome.

Patric Jern1, Mats Lindeskog, Damita Karlsson

  • 1Section of Virology, Department of Medical Science, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. Patric.Jern@medsci.uu.se

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
|June 25, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified new human endogenous retrovirus-H (HERV-H) sequences with open reading frames (ORFs) in the human genome. These findings suggest selection for maintaining functional HERV-H SU proteins.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) constitute a significant portion of the human genome, approximately 1%.
  • The HERV-H family is a major component of these endogenous retroelements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel HERV-H sequences encoding SU open reading frames (ORFs) and potential functional proteins.
  • To analyze the evolutionary relationships and selection pressures on HERV-H SU ORFs.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic screening of high-throughput (htgs) and nonredundant (nr) databases using a HERV-H env SU sequence (HERV-H19).
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with primers derived from HERV-H19 SU to amplify new sequences from human DNA.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of identified sequences.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of synonymous versus nonsynonymous mutations within SU ORFs.

    • Main Results:

    • Several new HERV-H SU ORF-containing sequences were identified from human DNA.
    • Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of these sequences with known HERV-H elements on chromosomes 1 and 2.
    • Both SU ORF- and non-SU ORF-containing elements exhibited similar divergence between 5' and 3' long terminal repeats (LTRs), suggesting comparable integration times.
    • A notable ratio of synonymous to nonsynonymous mutations in SU ORFs indicates selective pressure for their maintenance.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully identified novel HERV-H SU ORFs, expanding our understanding of this retroviral family.
    • Evidence suggests that HERV-H SU ORFs are under selection, implying potential functional relevance.
    • These findings contribute to the ongoing research into the role and evolution of HERVs in the human genome.