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Related Experiment Videos

Motor cortical excitability in schizophrenia.

Alvaro Pascual-Leone1, Dara S Manoach, Robert Birnbaum

  • 1Laboratory for Magnetic Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Biological Psychiatry
|June 25, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) reveals that conventional neuroleptics increase motor threshold and decrease intracortical inhibition in schizophrenia patients. Unmedicated patients show normal measures, but schizophrenia itself may involve reversed interhemispheric excitability.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a tool for assessing motor excitability and hemispheric asymmetry in schizophrenia.
  • Schizophrenia patients can be categorized as medicated (on conventional neuroleptics) or medication-free.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare cortico-cortical motor excitability and hemispheric asymmetry in medicated schizophrenia patients, unmedicated schizophrenia patients, and healthy controls.
  • To investigate the effects of conventional neuroleptics on motor thresholds and intracortical inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized single-pulse and paired-pulse TMS to measure motor thresholds and bihemispheric intracortical inhibition/facilitation.
  • Compared 14 right-handed schizophrenia patients (7 medicated, 7 unmedicated) with 7 right-handed healthy controls.

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Main Results:

  • Medicated patients exhibited approximately 5% higher motor thresholds bilaterally compared to unmedicated patients and controls.
  • Healthy controls showed higher left than right hemisphere thresholds; schizophrenia patients displayed the reverse pattern.
  • Medicated patients demonstrated significantly reduced intracortical inhibition, particularly in the right hemisphere, compared to unmedicated patients and controls.

Conclusions:

  • Conventional neuroleptic treatment elevates motor threshold and reduces intracortical inhibition in schizophrenia.
  • Unmedicated schizophrenia patients did not differ from controls on these specific TMS measures.
  • Schizophrenia may be characterized by an altered pattern of interhemispheric corticospinal excitability.