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Updated: Aug 4, 2026

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
Published on: June 13, 2016
[Considerations about late-onset epilepsy]
O J Hernández-Fustes1, H López-Vizcarra, M Enríquez-Cáceres
1Hospital Universitario Cajurú, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Paraná, Brasil. neurohuc@rla13.pucpr.br
Objective:
To make a revision of the general point of view on late-onset epilepsy, known as epilepsy that starts in the mature age after 25 years old; around 25% of the patients with epilepsy had their first crisis after that age, with an increase in the incidence in the course of the age.
Development:
The main ethiologies are discussed, standing out: alcoholism (22%), stroke (18%), tumors (10%), metabolic imbalances (10%), infections of the CNS, trauma, atrophies and cisticercosis. For the diagnosis is required a complete clinical evaluation, cardiovascular examination, metabolic tests, EEG and neuroimage studies.
Conclusions:
Monotherapy with phenobarbital, carbamazepine and valproate, control 80% of cases and failure related to patients with wide spread cerebral damage.
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