Subconjunctival infection with Dirofilaria repens.

Area of Science:

• Veterinary parasitology
• Human infectious diseases
• Ophthalmology

Background:

• Zoonotic dirofilariasis, primarily caused by Dirofilaria repens, is prevalent in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.
• Human infections with Dirofilaria repens are uncommon, with limited documented cases in India.
• This report details a rare instance of human dirofilariasis in the Indian subcontinent.

Observation:

• A 23-year-old male presented with subconjunctival swelling in his right eye.
• No significant local symptoms were reported by the patient.
• A large nematode was visualized within the conjunctiva during examination.

Findings:

• An intact nematode worm was successfully surgically removed from the subconjunctival space.
• Microscopic examination and identification confirmed the parasite as a male Dirofilaria repens.
• This case represents a rare occurrence of ocular dirofilariasis in India.

Implications:

• Highlights the potential for Dirofilaria repens to cause zoonotic infections in diverse geographical regions, including India.
• Underscores the importance of considering dirofilariasis in the differential diagnosis of ocular and subconjunctival swellings, even in regions with limited reports.
• Reinforces the need for increased awareness and diagnostic vigilance for zoonotic parasitic infections in human and veterinary medicine.