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Related Concept Videos

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...

Coat Assembly and GTPases

Coat Assembly and GTPases

Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
Coat assembly depends on the local availability of phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs and GTP-binding proteins. Adaptor proteins, which link the coat proteins to the membrane, bind to these PIPs and play a crucial role in controlling...

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

In vivo and in vitro Studies of Adaptor-clathrin Interaction

In vivo and in vitro Studies of Adaptor-clathrin Interaction

Published on: January 27, 2011

Clathrin adaptors really adapt.

Tom Kirchhausen¹

¹Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and The Center for Blood Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA. kirchhausen@xta1200.harvard.edu

|June 28, 2002

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The clathrin pathway mediates endocytosis and growth factor downregulation. Researchers determined the atomic structure of the adaptor-protein 2 (AP-2) core, revealing its role in linking clathrin coats to cargo proteins.

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Area of Science:

Cell biology
Molecular and structural biology

Background:

The clathrin pathway is crucial for receptor-mediated endocytosis and regulating growth factor signaling.
Clathrin adaptors connect the clathrin coat to transmembrane cargo proteins for sorting into vesicles.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the atomic structure of the adaptor-protein 2 (AP-2) core.
To understand how AP-2 interacts with the cell membrane and cargo proteins.

Main Methods:

X-ray crystallography or cryo-electron microscopy to determine atomic structure.
Biochemical assays to study protein-protein interactions.

Main Results:

The atomic structure of the AP-2 core has been determined.
The structure reveals the specific interactions between AP-2, the membrane, and cargo protein cytosolic tails.

Conclusions:

The solved structure provides critical insights into the molecular mechanisms of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Understanding AP-2 structure facilitates research into receptor trafficking and cellular signaling pathways.