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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State01:25

Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State

During the absorptive state, which lasts approximately four hours after a meal, the body absorbs nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. The carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids we consume are broken down into monosaccharides, amino acids, and free fatty acids for absorption. While carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed as-is, lipids are absorbed in their broken-down forms and then re-esterified into triglycerides within enterocytes before being packaged into chylomicrons. These absorbed...
Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation01:24

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
Metabolic Rate01:25

Metabolic Rate

The human body is a powerhouse of energy, with every cell performing numerous functions that require energy. This energy production and consumption is measured by the metabolic rate, which quantifies the total heat generated by all the body's chemical reactions and mechanical work. This measurement helps to determine the rate of kilocalorie (kcal) consumption needed to fuel all ongoing activities.
The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) measures the energy expended at rest.
Several factors influence the...
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...

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Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice
10:28

Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice

Published on: May 24, 2018

Caloric restriction mimetics: metabolic interventions.

R Weindruch1, K P Keenan, J M Carney

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, VA Hospital, Madison 53705-2286, USA. rhweindr@facstaff.wisc.edu

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|June 29, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Caloric restriction (CR) slows aging and disease in animals. Researchers are exploring compounds that mimic CR

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice
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Assessment of the Metabolic Effects of Isocaloric 2:1 Intermittent Fasting in Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and metabolic research.

Background:

  • Caloric restriction (CR) demonstrates anti-aging and disease-retarding effects in rodents, with ongoing trials in primates.
  • Translating CR benefits to human health involves identifying agents that replicate its key metabolic actions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and evaluate metabolic mimics of caloric restriction (CR) focusing on oxidative stress and glucoregulation.
  • To explore other potential areas for CR mimetic discovery, including intermediary metabolism, infection response, stress, and dietary fat sources.

Main Methods:

  • Focusing oxidative stress research on mitochondrial function and testing nitrone/antioxidant efficacy.
  • Investigating long-term effects of compounds that lower glucose/insulin or improve insulin sensitivity.
  • Identifying emerging research areas for CR mimetic development.

Main Results:

  • Candidate metabolic mimics for CR's effects on oxidative stress and glucoregulation exist.
  • Further research is needed in intermediary metabolism, infection/stress responses, and dietary fat sources for CR mimetic potential.
  • Transgenic approaches and adult-onset CR are recommended for future studies.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic mimics of CR hold promise for human health applications.
  • Targeted research into specific metabolic pathways and broader physiological responses is crucial for developing effective CR mimetics.
  • Future studies should incorporate advanced techniques like transgenic approaches and focus on adult-onset CR.