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Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
Published on: July 11, 2015
Humoral immunity and long-lived plasma cells
Rudolf A Manz1, Sergio Arce, Giuliana Cassese
1Department for Humoral Immunology, German Arthritis Research Centre, Berlin, Schumannstrasse 21/22, Berlin, Germany. manz@drfz.de
Abstract:
A selected fraction of plasmablasts enters the compartment of nondividing, long-lived plasma cells to maintain humoral antibody memory. In accord with a current model for lymphocyte homeostasis, the lifetime of long-lived plasma cells is probably regulated by competition for a limited number of survival niches present in splenic red pulp, bone marrow and inflamed tissue. Plasma cells secreting autoantibodies specific for some, but not all, self-antigens are probably 'allowed' to enter the compartment of long-lived plasma cells and provide antibody-mediated 'autoimmune memory' that is resistant to conventional therapies.
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