Controversies and guidelines in tissue-based HER-2/neu testing in breast cancer

While it is tempting to think of the results of laboratory tests as quantitative, reproducible and accurate, many tests in fact have embedded variables that could lead to inconsistency and sometimes false reporting of results. Tissue-based testing of HER-2/neu in breast cancer represents an example of the latter. This article discusses the available technologies for HER-2/neu testing with some of the sources of testing errors.