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Related Experiment Videos

Dietary fat composition alters pulmonary function in pigs.

Robert R Wolfe1, Wenjun Z Martini, Oivind Irtun

  • 1Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA. rwolfe@utmb.edu

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
|July 3, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Feeding critically ill patients polyunsaturated fatty acids may harm lung function. This study found diets high in linoleic or fish oil impaired lung mechanics and surfactant composition in pigs post-endotoxin infusion.

Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Pulmonary physiology
  • Nutritional science

Background:

  • Critically ill patients often require nutritional support, with fat emulsions being a common calorie source.
  • The type of dietary fat administered may influence inflammatory responses and organ function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different dietary fats on pulmonary surfactant and lung function.
  • To assess changes before and after endotoxin infusion in a porcine model.

Main Methods:

  • Pigs were fed diets rich in palmitic acid, linoleic acid (Intralipid), or fish oil for 21 days.
  • Pulmonary and cardiovascular functions were measured before and after endotoxin infusion.
  • Lung tissue was analyzed for surfactant composition and histological changes.

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Main Results:

  • Linoleic acid and fish oil diets reduced lung compliance compared to palmitic acid.
  • These diets led to increased lung wet:dry weight ratios, CO2 retention, and edema.
  • Surfactant phosphatidylcholine composition changes suggested impaired function with unsaturated fatty acids.

Conclusions:

  • Providing calories as polyunsaturated fatty acids to critically ill patients may be detrimental to lung function.
  • Dietary fat composition significantly impacts pulmonary response to inflammatory stimuli.