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Cranial neural crest extirpation and cyclopian development.

M J Toerien

    The South African Journal of Medical Sciences
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Removing cranial neural crest cells in early chick embryos creates cyclopia, mirroring human conditions. This damage affects forebrain development, inhibiting nasal structures and facial bone formation.

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    AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF EAR CAPSULE IN THE TURTLE, CHELYDRA SERPENTINA.

    Journal of embryology and experimental morphology·1965

    Area of Science:

    • Developmental biology
    • Embryology
    • Teratology

    Background:

    • Cranial neural crest cells are crucial for craniofacial development.
    • Disruptions in early embryonic development can lead to severe congenital malformations.
    • Cyclopia is a rare but severe congenital disorder characterized by a single eye orbit.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of cranial neural crest cell extirpation on early chick embryogenesis.
    • To establish an animal model for studying the developmental mechanisms underlying cyclopia.
    • To understand the role of anterior neural crest cells in facial and forebrain development.

    Main Methods:

    • Surgical extirpation of cranial neural crest cells in chick embryos at the presomite to 5 somite stages.
    • Detailed morphological analysis of resulting embryonic malformations.
    • Comparison of experimental embryos with human cyclopia cases.

    Main Results:

    • Extirpation resulted in malformations identical to human cyclopia.
    • Primary lesion observed was forebrain damage.
    • Inhibition of nasal placode and nasal organ development occurred.
    • Absence of nasal and interorbital septa and facial dermal skeleton was noted.

    Conclusions:

    • Early cranial neural crest cell development is essential for normal forebrain and craniofacial formation.
    • Experimental cyclopia in chick embryos provides a model for studying human congenital disorders.
    • Damage to the forebrain and anterior neural crest cells underlies the pathogenesis of cyclopia.

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