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Related Experiment Videos

Sequence variation and consensus sequence of V3 loop on HIV-1 gp120.

Haijun Tian1, Canhui Lan, Ying-Hua Chen

  • 1Laboratory of Immunology, Research Centre for Medical Science and Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.

Immunology Letters
|July 4, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Mutations in the V3 loop of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 impact viral entry and infectivity. Analyzing 24,504 HIV-1 isolates reveals conserved amino acids and mutation patterns within the V3 loop across diverse clades.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The V3 loop of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 envelope protein is a critical determinant of viral tropism, infectivity, and sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies.
  • Understanding mutations within the V3 loop is essential for deciphering HIV-1 entry mechanisms and developing effective therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the patterns of amino acid variation and conservation within the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 across multiple global clades.
  • To identify conserved residues and common mutations in the V3 loop that may influence HIV-1 pathogenesis and immune evasion.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of 24,504 HIV-1 V3 loop amino acid sequences from diverse clades (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H).
  • Construction of consensus V3 loop sequences for each subtype based on the most frequent amino acid at each position.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Calculation of amino acid conservation scores within the V3 loop region.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed analysis of V3 loop sequences from a large cohort of HIV-1 isolates representing major global clades.
    • Identification of specific amino acid positions exhibiting high conservation and others with significant mutational variability across different clades.
    • Establishment of consensus V3 loop sequences for each analyzed subtype, highlighting key residue frequencies.

    Conclusions:

    • The V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 displays distinct patterns of conservation and mutation across different clades, suggesting clade-specific evolutionary pressures.
    • Understanding these sequence variations is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of HIV-1 entry and for the rational design of novel antiviral interventions, including broadly neutralizing antibodies and vaccines.
    • The findings provide a valuable resource for future research into HIV-1 evolution, pathogenesis, and therapeutic development.