Hormonal regulation of androgen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in human tooth pulp
J B Dale1, S L Sarich, T M Bretz
1Department of Endodontics, St. Louis University Center for Advanced Dental Education, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Abstract:
Tooth pulp contains steroid receptors and therefore is likely to respond to steroids. Steroids and cytokines together can alter steroid receptor content in many tissues; thus, similar mechanisms may exist in tooth pulp. In this study, reverse-transcription/polymerase chain-reaction was used to screen human pulp for the mRNAs encoding receptors for androgen (AR), estrogens (ERbeta), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF: c-Met). AR mRNA content was greater in male pulp vs. female pulp in all age groups. In both genders, AR mRNA content diminished with age. In pulp cell cultures, androstenedione, estradiol-17beta, and HGF each stimulated AR mRNA accumulation. Testosterone inhibited, whereas 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone did not affect, AR mRNA content. ERbeta was not hormonally altered in pulp cell cultures. By showing steroid- and cytokine-orchestrated regulation of AR mRNA in vitro, it is possible that age- and/or pathogen-dependent changes in available steroids and cytokines can affect any androgen-responsiveness of pulp.
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