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Antiemetic therapy.

Lisa Licitra¹, Silvia Spinazzé, Fausto Roila

¹START Project, European School of Oncology, Milan, Italy. start@icil64.cilea.it

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology

|July 6, 2002

Summary

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Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) management varies by agent. Optimal antiemetic schedules effectively manage acute CINV for highly emetogenic agents like cisplatin, but delayed CINV remains a challenge.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Pharmacology
Clinical Therapeutics

Background:

The emetogenic potential of cancer chemotherapeutic agents is a significant concern.
Cisplatin is a widely studied, highly emetogenic agent.
Nausea and vomiting significantly impact patient quality of life during cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the effectiveness of antiemetic schedules for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).
To identify risk factors and special considerations for CINV management.
To discuss CINV prevention in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Analysis of antiemetic efficacy data for various chemotherapeutic agents.

Related Experiment Videos

Examination of risk factors and special populations for CINV.

Main Results:

Optimal antiemetic schedules achieve 70-90% efficacy for acute CINV with cisplatin and over 90% for moderately emetogenic agents.
Delayed CINV management shows lower efficacy (60%) with cisplatin.
Previous vomiting episodes are a key risk factor for delayed CINV.

Conclusions:

Antiemetic strategies are effective but require optimization, especially for delayed CINV.
High-dose chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and pediatric considerations necessitate tailored approaches.
Further research is needed to improve CINV control in all patient groups.