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Diabetes causes marked changes in lymphocyte metabolism.

R Otton1, J R Mendonça, R Curi

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508-900 Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil. rose@fisio.icb.usp.br

The Journal of Endocrinology
|July 6, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Diabetes impairs lymphocyte function by altering glucose and glutamine metabolism. Insulin treatment reversed these metabolic changes in diabetic rats, suggesting a key mechanism for infection susceptibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic Research
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus is associated with increased susceptibility to infections.
  • Lymphocyte function is critically dependent on glucose and glutamine metabolism.
  • The metabolic alterations in lymphocytes from diabetic individuals remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in glucose and glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes from alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
  • To determine the impact of insulin treatment on these metabolic alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Lymphocytes were isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes of control and alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
  • Enzyme activities (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, G6PDH, citrate synthase, phosphate-dependent glutaminase) were measured.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Metabolic decarboxylation of radiolabeled glucose, pyruvate, palmitic acid, and glutamine was assessed in vitro, with and without insulin treatment.

    • Main Results:

    • Diabetes decreased hexokinase, G6PDH, and citrate synthase activities, while increasing phosphofructokinase activity.
    • Lymphocyte decarboxylation of glucose, pyruvate, and glutamine was reduced in diabetic rats.
    • Conversely, palmitic acid decarboxylation was increased in diabetic lymphocytes; insulin reversed these changes.

    Conclusions:

    • Alloxan-induced diabetes significantly alters lymphocyte metabolism, affecting key pathways of glucose and glutamine utilization.
    • These metabolic dysregulations in lymphocytes may contribute to impaired immune function and increased infection risk in diabetes.
    • Insulin administration effectively reverses diabetes-induced metabolic changes in lymphocytes.