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[Whiplash injuries--a psychosomatic perspective].

Eva Albertsen Malt1, Kjetil Sundet

  • 1Psykosomatisk avdeling Rikshospitalet 0027 Oslo. eva.albertsen.malt@rikshospitalet.no

Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke
|July 9, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Whiplash injuries can lead to significant psychosocial impairment, with factors like pre-existing conditions and trauma specifics influencing long-term disability and return to work. An integrated psychosomatic model is needed for better understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Psychology
  • Traumatology

Context:

  • Whiplash injuries frequently result in significant psychosocial impairment.
  • Approximately 15% of patients experience long-term disabling health problems.
  • Around 5% of whiplash patients do not return to work.

Purpose:

  • To review and synthesize factors influencing psychosocial impairment after whiplash injury.
  • To identify vulnerability, biomechanical, and symptom formation factors.
  • To highlight the need for an integrated psychosomatic model.

Summary:

  • Psychosocial impairment is multifactorial, influenced by pre-injury vulnerability (e.g., mental health history, age, sex, cervical spine status) and trauma characteristics (e.g., head position, acute stress).
  • Biomechanical trauma can cause neural and musculoskeletal stress, potentially disrupting posture and autonomic function.

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  • Prognostic factors include manual labor, disability expectations, and compensation claims, which moderate symptom development.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding these factors is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
    • An integrated psychosomatic model can improve patient outcomes and rehabilitation strategies.
    • This research informs clinical practice and future research directions in whiplash management.