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Somatic embryogenesis in elm.

E Corredoira1, A M Vieitez, A Ballester

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, CSIC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Annals of Botany
|July 9, 2002
PubMed
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Somatic embryogenesis in elm (Ulmus minor and U. glabra) is achievable from immature zygotic embryos. Optimal induction occurs at the midcotyledonary stage, with callus formation crucial for maintaining embryogenic competence.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biotechnology
  • Somatic Embryogenesis
  • Ulmus spp. (Elm)

Background:

  • Somatic embryogenesis is a valuable tool for plant propagation and genetic manipulation.
  • Establishing efficient somatic embryogenesis protocols for elm species (Ulmus minor and U. glabra) is crucial for their conservation and breeding.
  • Previous attempts at elm somatic embryogenesis have faced challenges, necessitating optimization of induction and maintenance methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the optimal stage of zygotic embryo development for inducing somatic embryogenesis in Ulmus minor and Ulmus glabra.
  • To investigate the role of plant growth regulators and medium composition in somatic embryogenesis induction and maintenance.
  • To establish and maintain embryogenic cultures of Ulmus species for potential future applications.

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Main Methods:

  • Isolation of zygotic embryos from immature Ulmus minor and Ulmus glabra seeds at various developmental stages.
  • Culture of isolated embryos on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators (e.g., 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, benzyladenine).
  • Subculture of induced embryogenic masses on maintenance media to preserve embryogenic competence over time.

Main Results:

  • Somatic embryogenic cultures were successfully induced from isolated zygotic embryos of Ulmus minor and Ulmus glabra.
  • Optimal induction rates were achieved when embryos were isolated at the midcotyledonary stage (approx. 6 weeks post-anthesis, 5 mm length, 10 mg fresh weight).
  • Callus formation was essential for both induction and maintenance of embryogenic competence, with 0.1 mg/L benzyladenine (BA) supporting long-term maintenance, though plantlet conversion remained rare.

Conclusions:

  • Immature zygotic embryos of Ulmus species are a viable source for initiating somatic embryogenesis.
  • The developmental stage of the zygotic embryo at the time of isolation significantly impacts somatic embryogenesis induction efficiency.
  • Established embryogenic lines can be maintained for extended periods, but further research is needed to improve plantlet regeneration rates.