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Hearing loss and nephrotoxicity in long-term aminoglycoside treatment in patients with tuberculosis

P de Jager1, R van Altena

  • 1Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
|July 10, 2002
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Long-term aminoglycoside treatment for tuberculosis can cause hearing loss in 18% of patients. While nephrotoxicity also occurs, ototoxicity is a more significant concern, with no identified risk factors for hearing impairment.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Ototoxicology
  • Nephrotoxicology

Background:

  • Aminoglycosides are crucial in treating tuberculosis.
  • Long-term use necessitates understanding their potential toxicities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects of extended aminoglycoside therapy.
  • To identify factors associated with these adverse events.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of patients undergoing tuberculosis treatment with aminoglycosides.
  • Monitoring for hearing loss and nephrotoxicity over a minimum of 14 days.

Main Results:

  • 18% of patients experienced hearing loss (≥15 dB at two frequencies or ≥20 dB at one frequency).
  • No correlation found between hearing loss and patient demographics, treatment duration, or dosage.
  • Nephrotoxicity occurred in 7.5% of patients, with higher rates in those receiving kanamycin.
  • Nephrotoxicity was linked to longer treatment duration and higher total doses.

Conclusions:

  • Ototoxicity is a more prevalent issue than nephrotoxicity in long-term aminoglycoside tuberculosis treatment.
  • Factors contributing to hearing loss remain unidentified.
  • Extended treatment duration and higher cumulative doses increase nephrotoxicity risk.

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