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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer
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Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Published on: March 17, 2016

Phyto-oestrogens and cancer.

Herman Adlercreutz1

  • 1Institute for Preventive Medicine, Nutrition, and Cancer, Folkhälsan Research Center, Division of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. herman.adlercreutz@helsinki.fi

The Lancet. Oncology
|July 11, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Phyto-estrogens from foods like soy and whole grains may offer some cancer protection. Benefits for breast cancer are modest, especially if diets start before adolescence, while lignans may reduce breast cancer risk.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Phyto-estrogens, compounds found in plant-based foods, are investigated for their potential role in cancer prevention.
  • Key phyto-estrogens include isoflavones (abundant in soy) and lignans (found in whole grains).
  • These compounds are linked to reduced risks of breast, prostate, and colon cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of phyto-estrogen-rich foods in preventing major cancers.
  • To analyze the impact of isoflavones from soy and lignans from whole grains on cancer risk.
  • To evaluate the evidence for phyto-estrogens' protective effects against breast, prostate, and colon cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological and experimental studies.

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  • Analysis of dietary patterns, focusing on soy (isoflavones) and whole grains (lignans).
  • Examination of findings from immigrant studies and case-control/prospective studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Soy consumption shows minimal protective effect against breast cancer in women, with greater benefit if initiated during adolescence.
    • Low-lignan diets were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in some studies.
    • Experimental data suggests soy and rye bran inhibit prostate cancer growth, and rye bran/lignans inhibit colon cancer.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary phyto-estrogens, particularly isoflavones and lignans, show potential in cancer prevention, especially for breast, prostate, and colon cancers.
    • The timing of soy intake (e.g., before puberty) may influence its protective effect on breast cancer.
    • Further research is needed to confirm if observed protective effects are due to phyto-estrogens or are markers of a generally healthy diet.