Analysis and implications of aircraft disinsectants

Area of Science:

• Aviation Safety
• Environmental Health
• Toxicology

Background:

• Aircraft disinsection is mandated globally.
• In-flight aerosol spraying (phenothrin) and residual spraying (permethrin) expose passengers and crew to insecticides.
• Reported adverse health effects include skin rashes, respiratory issues, and neurological symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the chemical constituents of aircraft disinsection formulations.
• To identify potential contributing factors to adverse health effects experienced by passengers and crew.

Main Methods:

• Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GLC-Mass spec.) was used to analyze disinsectant formulations.
• Headspace analysis was performed to detect volatile compounds.
• Chemical constituents were identified in both aerosol and residual spray formulations.

Main Results:

• Aerosol sprays contained phenothrin, ethyl benzene, and xylene isomers.
• Residual sprays contained permethrin isomers, palmidrol, and naphthalene.
• Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and methylene chloride were detected.
• Tricresylphosphates (TCPs), found in engine oils, were considered as potential synergistic agents.

Conclusions:

• Disinsectants contain various VOCs beyond the active ingredients.
• The presence of TCPs from engine oil leaks in cabin air could exacerbate sensitivity to insecticides.
• Further investigation is needed to understand the synergistic effects and their impact on health.