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Respiratory infection in asthma.

M Fernández-Benítez1, M Añó, J P Maselli

  • 1Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain. mfernandeb@unav.es

Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology
|July 12, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Respiratory infections significantly worsen asthma symptoms, particularly in children with mite allergies and Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial immunotherapy may modulate the Th1 immune response in susceptible individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy and Asthma Research
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Bacterial respiratory infections have been implicated in the etiology of bronchial asthma.
  • Previous studies suggest associations between Staphylococcus aureus, IgE levels, and mite sensitization.
  • The role of infection in the increasing prevalence of asthma warrants further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between respiratory infections and asthma.
  • To explore the impact of bacterial infections and allergen sensitization on histamine release in children.
  • To evaluate the effects of immunotherapy on immune responses in asthmatic children.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nasal secretion cultures for Staphylococcus aureus in relation to IgE and allergen sensitization.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Histamine release assays in children with mite sensitization and positive bacterial cultures.
  • Questionnaire-based assessment of respiratory infection history and asthma prevalence (ISAAC protocol).
  • Measurement of serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in children undergoing immunotherapy.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant association found between mite sensitization, high IgE, and Staphylococcus aureus.
    • Children with mite sensitization and positive bacterial cultures showed significantly higher histamine release.
    • A history of frequent, prolonged bronchitis episodes was strongly associated with current or past asthma and wheezing.
    • Antigen-specific histamine release was potentiated by Staphylococcus aureus and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.
    • Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels indicated a Th1 response in children receiving antigen-specific immunotherapy for over a year.
    • Bacterial immunotherapy for over a year was associated with lower IFN-gamma levels, suggesting modulation of the Th1 response.

    Conclusions:

    • Respiratory infections act as an aggravating factor in asthma.
    • Bacterial immunotherapy can modify the Th1 immune response, potentially inhibiting it in children prone to infections.
    • Findings support the role of bacterial infections in asthma exacerbation and suggest immunotherapy as a potential modulator of immune responses.