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A simulation of Johne's disease control.

Huybert Groenendaal1, Mirjam Nielen, Alien W Jalvingh

  • 1Department of Farm Management, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 9101, 6700 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands. huybert.groenendaal.wg03@wharton.upenn.edu

Preventive Veterinary Medicine
|July 13, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Implementing comprehensive calf hygiene and management strategies is crucial for effectively controlling paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in dairy herds and achieving long-term economic benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Epidemiology
  • Animal Health Economics
  • Disease Modeling

Background:

  • Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) poses significant economic and epidemiological challenges to dairy herds worldwide.
  • Effective control strategies are needed to mitigate losses from reduced milk production, treatment costs, and decreased slaughter value.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a dynamic simulation model (JohneSSim) for evaluating economic and epidemiological impacts of paratuberculosis control strategies.
  • To assess the effectiveness of different control measures, including test-and-cull, calf hygiene, vaccination, and grouping.

Main Methods:

  • A stochastic simulation model (JohneSSim) was created, incorporating six infection states and five infection routes for Johne's disease.
  • Economic analysis calculated net present value (NPV) by comparing strategy costs against disease-related loss reductions.

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  • Model validation used herd and prevalence data from The Netherlands and Pennsylvania, USA, and expert assessments.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieving low paratuberculosis prevalence within 20 years required implementing all calf management tools in both Dutch and US scenarios.
    • The Dutch control program (PPN) demonstrated economic attractiveness, with average NPVs of Euro 1183 (without labor) and Euro 12,397 (with labor).
    • In Pennsylvania, contract heifer rearing and improved calf hygiene significantly reduced prevalence and yielded substantial economic benefits (US$ 43,917 over 20 years).

    Conclusions:

    • Comprehensive calf management is essential for successful long-term paratuberculosis control in dairy herds.
    • The JohneSSim model provides a valuable tool for assessing the economic and epidemiological consequences of various disease control strategies.
    • Specific strategies like contract heifer rearing and enhanced calf hygiene show strong potential for both disease reduction and economic gain.