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Pituitary Carcinomas.

Wolfgang Saeger, Dorothee Lubke

    Endocrine Pathology
    |April 1, 1996
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pituitary carcinomas, rare tumors defined by metastasis, originate from invasive adenomas. Diagnosis requires identifying metastasis, the primary pituitary tumor, and matching tumor markers, excluding other cancers.

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    Metastases to the pituitary gland: insights from the German pituitary tumor registry.

    Pituitary·2023

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Oncology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Pituitary carcinomas are rare malignant tumors characterized by metastatic growth and invasion into surrounding tissues.
    • They are classified by metastasis site (cerebrospinal, systemic, or combined) and hormone production (e.g., adrenocorticotrophic hormone [ACTH], prolactin [PRL], growth hormone [GH]).
    • Pituitary carcinomas develop from invasive adenomas, often after prior treatment for the primary tumor.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To define diagnostic criteria for pituitary carcinomas.
    • To report the incidence and characteristics of pituitary carcinomas in a specific tumor collection.
    • To emphasize the importance of metastasis in diagnosing pituitary carcinoma.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of literature on pituitary carcinomas since 1976.
    • Analysis of a collection of pituitary tumors to identify carcinomas.
    • Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of primary tumors and metastases.

    Main Results:

    • 37 cases of pituitary carcinoma reported since 1976, with varied metastasis patterns.
    • Three pituitary carcinomas identified (0.13%) in the study collection, including ACTH and PRL secreting types.
    • Metastases included systemic dissemination and meningeal spread.

    Conclusions:

    • Diagnosis of pituitary carcinoma requires evidence of metastasis, a primary pituitary tumor, matching immunohistochemical markers, and exclusion of other primary sites.
    • Pituitary carcinomas are rare but aggressive tumors requiring precise diagnostic criteria.
    • Accurate classification aids in understanding prognosis and guiding treatment strategies.

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