Human Insulinomas: Clinical, Cellular, and Molecular Aspects

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Insulinoma is the most common functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor in humans.
• Understanding its characteristics is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of insulinomas.
• To discuss current knowledge on classification, malignancy, and molecular pathology.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
• Analysis of morphological and clinical features.
• Examination of proinsulin-insulin conversion, classification, malignancy criteria, and clonal composition.

Main Results:

• Morphological and clinical features of insulinomas are summarized.
• Proinsulin-insulin conversion in normal and neoplastic B-cells is reported.
• New classification, malignancy criteria, and clonal composition are discussed.
• Recent findings on molecular pathology are outlined.

Conclusions:

• This overview consolidates current understanding of insulinomas.
• It highlights key aspects for diagnosis, prognosis, and future research directions.