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Related Experiment Videos

Hydrogen bridges in crystal engineering: interactions without borders.

Gautam R Desiraju1

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India. desiraju@uohyd.ernet.in

Accounts of Chemical Research
|July 18, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Hydrogen bonds are electrostatic interactions where hydrogen bridges two atoms. The concept has broadened to include weaker interactions, suggesting "hydrogen bridge" better describes their varied nature.

Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Hydrogen bonds (X-H...A) involve a hydrogen atom attracted to two other atoms, acting as a bridge.
  • Traditionally viewed as highly electrostatic, sometimes with covalent character, increasing with X and A electronegativity.
  • The definition has evolved to encompass weaker interactions retaining some electrostatic character.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight common features across diverse hydrogen bonds observed in the solid state.
  • To propose 'hydrogen bridge' as a more fitting descriptor for these interactions.
  • To emphasize the spectrum of interactions, from strong to weak, including van der Waals forces.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of existing literature on hydrogen bonding in the solid state.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Conceptual framework development to unify different types of hydrogen bonds.
  • Comparative analysis of electrostatic, covalent, and van der Waals contributions.
  • Main Results:

    • Identified common characteristics shared by a wide array of hydrogen bonds.
    • Demonstrated the continuum from strong electrostatic/covalent bonds to weak interactions.
    • Highlighted the significant role of dispersive-repulsive forces in weaker hydrogen bonds.

    Conclusions:

    • The term 'hydrogen bridge' better reflects the borderless and variable nature of these interactions.
    • These interactions exhibit a spectrum of covalent, electrostatic, and van der Waals content.
    • Understanding this spectrum is crucial for comprehending molecular interactions in solids.