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Early life factors contribute to the decrease in lung function between ages 18 and 40: the Coronary Artery Risk

George G Apostol1, David R Jacobs, Albert W Tsai

  • 1Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|July 18, 2002
PubMed
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Early life factors like asthma and smoking impact lung function decline. Early smoking initiation and family smoking habits accelerate this decline, highlighting the need for early interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Early life exposures can significantly influence long-term pulmonary function.
  • Understanding factors affecting lung function decline is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between early life factors and the age-related decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)).
  • To examine the influence of family smoking, early asthma diagnosis, and smoking initiation on pulmonary function trajectory.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of approximately 4,000 adults (18-30 years) measuring FEV(1) over 10 years.
  • Analysis of FEV(1) patterns based on race, sex, family smoking, early asthma, and smoking initiation.
  • Comparison of FEV(1) decline rates across different smoking and asthma statuses.

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Main Results:

  • FEV(1) decline followed a quadratic pattern peaking around age 40, varying by race and sex.
  • Early smoking initiation was linked to a faster FEV(1) decrease.
  • Family smoking status correlated with higher smoking prevalence and potentially earlier smoking initiation.
  • Individuals with asthma or heavy smoking (≥15 cigarettes/day) experienced accelerated FEV(1) decline, with a synergistic effect when both conditions were present.

Conclusions:

  • Early life exposures, including family smoking and early asthma, contribute to accelerated FEV(1) decline.
  • Both asthma and cigarette smoking independently increase the rate of pulmonary function decline.
  • Combined asthma and heavy smoking exhibit a synergistic detrimental effect on lung function.