Anatomy and embryology of the external ear and their clinical correlation

The vascular anatomy for design and execution of various flaps of the auricular region is outlined with emphasis on clinical correlation. A new classification of various flap compositions from the postauricular region based on histologic and anatomic observations is proposed, together with a corresponding clinical example used in different clinical situations. Sound knowledge of the vascular pattern surrounding the auricle provides immense versatility in performing flap operations in this region. A summary of the controversy and updates on auricular embryology is provided in relation to various congenital malformations.