Mouse Notch 3 expression in the pre- and postnatal brain: relationship to the stroke and dementia syndrome CADASIL

Mutations in the human Notch 3 gene cause the vascular stroke and dementia syndrome CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy) characterized by degeneration of vascular smooth muscle cells and multiple small infarcts in the white and deep gray matter of the brain. Here we have analyzed the expression pattern of the Notch 3 gene in the pre- and postnatal mouse brain. Prenatal Notch 3 expression is restricted to a scattered population of cells within the vessel wall of all major blood vessels in the developing embryo, including those that form the perineural vascular plexus. Expression in the postnatal brain is confined to a scattered cell population within the vessel wall of small to medium-sized penetrating arteries, which are the vessel type primarily affected in CADASIL patients. In contrast, no expression was observed in capillaries and veins. Notch 3 is most likely expressed in a subset of vascular smooth muscle cells, and the expression pattern of one of the Notch ligands, Serrate 1, was very similar to that observed for Notch 3. The Notch 3 expressing pattern was not significantly altered in platelet-derived growth factor B- (PDGF-B) deficient mouse embryos, demonstrating that Notch 3 expression is not under direct control of PDGF-B. These data show that Notch 3 expression is conserved between mouse and human and suggest that the mouse is a valid system for analysis of CADASIL.