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Related Experiment Videos

An anionic antimicrobial peptide from toad Bombina maxima.

Ren Lai1, Hen Liu, Wen Hui Lee

  • 1Department of Animal Toxinology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 East Jiao Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|July 20, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a novel anionic antimicrobial peptide, maximin H5, from toad skin. This peptide, distinct from cationic ones, shows activity against Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, expanding our understanding of amphibian innate immunity.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Amphibian skin is a known source of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) crucial for innate immunity.
  • Maximins and maximins H from Bombina maxima are examples of cationic AMPs found in amphibians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin of Bombina maxima.
  • To investigate the antimicrobial activity and properties of a newly identified peptide, maximin H5.

Main Methods:

  • A cDNA library from Bombina maxima skin was screened to identify novel peptide precursors.
  • The sequence of the novel peptide maximin H5 was determined.
  • Antimicrobial activity assays were performed against various bacterial and fungal strains, with and without metal ions.

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Main Results:

  • A novel cDNA clone encoding maximin 3 and a new peptide, maximin H5 (ILGPVLGLVSDTLDDVLGIL-NH2), was isolated.
  • Maximin H5 is an anionic peptide due to its aspartate residues and lack of basic amino acids.
  • Maximin H5 exhibited antimicrobial activity exclusively against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus; other tested microbes were resistant. Metal ions did not enhance its activity.

Conclusions:

  • Maximin H5 is the first identified anionic antimicrobial peptide from an amphibian source.
  • The findings suggest that both cationic and anionic antimicrobial peptides contribute to the innate defense system in amphibians.