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Vitamin C function and status in chronic disease.

Robert A Jacob1, Gity Sotoudeh

  • 1USDA Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, UC Davis, Department of Pomology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8683, USA. rjacob@whnrc.usda.gov

Nutrition in Clinical Care : an Official Publication of Tufts University
|July 24, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a vital antioxidant essential for human health, with new RDAs reflecting this role. Higher intakes beyond the RDA show no additional benefit for healthy individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Human Nutrition
  • Antioxidant Research

Background:

  • Humans cannot synthesize Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), making dietary intake essential.
  • Ascorbic acid functions as a potent antioxidant, crucial for numerous enzymatic processes.
  • Oxidative damage is implicated in various chronic diseases, increasing interest in Vitamin C's role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established roles of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in human health.
  • To evaluate the evidence for Vitamin C's role in preventing chronic diseases.
  • To discuss the rationale behind updated Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin C.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of population studies and controlled clinical trials on Vitamin C intake and health outcomes.

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  • Analysis of Vitamin C's biochemical functions, particularly its antioxidant properties.
  • Examination of regulatory mechanisms for Vitamin C concentrations in the body.

    • Main Results:

    • Population studies suggest a correlation between high Vitamin C intake and reduced risk of chronic diseases.
    • Clinical trials have not definitively proven that higher Vitamin C intake alone prevents chronic diseases.
    • The new RDAs for Vitamin C (75 mg women, 90 mg men) incorporate its antioxidant function.

    Conclusions:

    • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a critical antioxidant, with established RDAs sufficient for healthy individuals.
    • While associated with lower disease risk, Vitamin C supplementation beyond the RDA is not proven beneficial for chronic disease prevention in healthy populations.
    • Vitamin C nutriture may be more critical for individuals with specific health conditions, and high intakes are generally well-tolerated up to 2g daily.