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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

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Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: June 28, 2021

Acute pancreatitis in children.

John R DeBanto¹, Praveen S Goday, Martha R A Pedroso

¹Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.

The American Journal of Gastroenterology

|July 24, 2002

Summary

A new scoring system for pediatric acute pancreatitis demonstrates improved sensitivity and negative predictive value compared to existing methods. This tool aids in better prediction of severe outcomes in children with this condition.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Gastroenterology
Clinical Scoring Systems
Acute Pancreatitis Research

Background:

Existing scoring systems for acute pancreatitis lack validation in pediatric populations.
Accurate severity prediction is crucial for timely and appropriate management of pediatric acute pancreatitis.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate existing scoring systems (Ranson, Glasgow) for pediatric acute pancreatitis.
To develop and validate a novel scoring system tailored for children.
To investigate the common etiologies of acute pancreatitis in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

A multi-center chart review of 301 pediatric acute pancreatitis admissions.
Calculation of Ranson and Glasgow scores for all cases.
Identification and incorporation of key clinical parameters into a new scoring system, validated across centers.

Main Results:

Eight parameters identified for the new pediatric scoring system: age, weight, WBC, LDH, Ca2+, albumin, fluid sequestration, and BUN rise.
The new system achieved 70% sensitivity and 91% negative predictive value for severe outcomes (cutoff at 3 criteria).
Compared to Ranson and Glasgow scores, the new system showed superior sensitivity (70% vs. 30%/35%) and negative predictive value (91% vs. 85%/85%).

Conclusions:

The newly developed scoring system demonstrates superior performance in predicting severity of acute pancreatitis in children.
This pediatric-specific tool offers improved sensitivity and negative predictive value over existing general scoring systems.
Further research may refine the system and explore its utility in diverse pediatric populations.