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Urinary infection stones.

K-H Bichler1, E Eipper, K Naber

  • 1Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany. bichler@med.uni-teubingen.de

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
|July 24, 2002
PubMed
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Infection stones, a significant cause of urinary stones, form due to urease-positive infections. Prompt treatment and stone removal are crucial to prevent kidney damage and recurrence.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Infection stones constitute about 15% of urinary stone diseases.
  • These stones are primarily composed of struvite and/or carbonate apatite.
  • Formation requires a urease-positive urinary tract infection, leading to ammonia production and alkaline urine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the etiology, formation, and management of infection stones.
  • To emphasize the importance of treating underlying infections and removing stones to prevent renal damage.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the pathophysiology of infection stone formation.
  • Discussion of current therapeutic modalities for stone removal, including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and instrumental removal.

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  • Emphasis on individualized patient treatment and follow-up.

    • Main Results:

    • Urease-positive infections lead to urea splitting, ammonia production, and urine alkalinization.
    • These conditions promote the crystallization of struvite and carbonate apatite, forming infection stones.
    • Untreated infections and stones can cause significant kidney damage.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective treatment and prophylaxis of infection stones are achievable with modern modalities.
    • Individualized treatment plans and vigilant monitoring for recurrence are essential.
    • Less invasive stone removal methods are preferred.