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Hormonal steroids: effects on the vascular system.

J Solash, R Perez, J S Keates

    Gynecologic Investigation
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
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    Oral contraceptives alter blood vessel and blood cell surface charges, potentially increasing thromboembolic disorder risk. This study reveals contraceptive steroids impact vascular and cellular electrokinetics, clarifying a mechanism for clotting disorders.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Hematology
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Oral contraceptive use is linked to increased thromboembolic disorders.
    • The precise mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of contraceptive steroids on the surface charge characteristics of blood vessel walls and blood cells.
    • To elucidate the potential mechanisms by which oral contraceptives may influence thromboembolic events.

    Main Methods:

    • Animal studies (dogs, rats) involving administration of hormonal steroids and assessment of vascular surface charge and occlusion times.
    • Human studies analyzing electrophoretic mobilities of erythrocytes and platelets in women using specific oral contraceptives (Ovral, Demulen).
    • Evaluation of plasma coagulation and activated partial thromboplastin times in women on oral contraceptives and injectable progestin therapy.
    Keywords:
    Animals, LaboratoryBiologyBlood Coagulation EffectsClinical ResearchContraceptionContraceptive AgentsContraceptive Agents, EstrogenContraceptive Agents, FemaleContraceptive Agents, ProgestinContraceptive Methods--side effectsDimethisteroneEndocrine SystemEstradiolEstrogensEthinyl EstradiolEthynodiol DiacetateFamily PlanningHematological EffectsHemic SystemHormonesInjectablesMedroxyprogesterone AcetateMestranolNorethindroneOral Contraceptives, CombinedOral Contraceptives--side effectsPhysiologyResearch MethodologyWomen

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    Main Results:

    • Hormonal steroids reduced vein pore surface charge more than artery surface charge in dogs.
    • Contraceptive steroids significantly lowered current-induced mesenteric occlusion times in rats.
    • Erythrocytes and platelets from women using Ovral and Demulen exhibited lower electrophoretic mobilities compared to controls.
    • Injectable progestin therapy did not significantly alter plasma coagulation times, while Ovral and Demulen showed a slight decrease in activated partial thromboplastin times.

    Conclusions:

    • Contraceptive steroids directly alter the surface charge of blood vessel walls and blood cells, independent of metabolic processes.
    • These alterations in surface charge characteristics may contribute to the increased risk of thromboembolic disorders associated with oral contraceptive use.
    • The findings suggest a direct electrokinetic mechanism influencing hemostasis and thrombotic potential.