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Related Experiment Videos

Sponge versus diaphragm for contraception.

M A Kuyoh1, C Toroitich-Ruto, D A Grimes

  • 1Population and Reproductive Health, Family Health International, Valley Road, Nairobi, Kenya, Africa. mkuyoh@fhi.or.ke

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|July 26, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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The contraceptive sponge is less effective than the diaphragm for preventing pregnancy and has higher discontinuation rates. Further research is needed on spermicides' role in preventing STIs or causing adverse effects.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Contraception

Background:

  • The contraceptive sponge, impregnated with nonoxynol-9, was developed as an alternative to the diaphragm.
  • It offers extended use for multiple coital acts without additional spermicide and does not require fitting or a prescription.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy and continuation rates of the contraceptive sponge versus the diaphragm.
  • To test the hypothesis that the sponge would have higher failure and discontinuation rates.

Main Methods:

  • Searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Popline, LILACS, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register for randomized controlled trials.
  • Included trials comparing the vaginal contraceptive sponge with diaphragms used with nonoxynol-9.
  • Evaluated methodological quality and analyzed data using Peto odds ratios and life-table methods.

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Main Results:

  • The sponge demonstrated statistically significant lower efficacy in preventing overall pregnancy compared to the diaphragm.
  • 12-month cumulative pregnancy rates were higher for the sponge (17.4 in US trial, 24.5 in UK trial) versus the diaphragm (12.8 in US trial, 10.9 in UK trial).
  • Discontinuation rates at 12 months were higher with the sponge (odds ratio 1.3). Allergic reactions were more common with the sponge.

Conclusions:

  • The contraceptive sponge is less effective than the diaphragm in pregnancy prevention.
  • Higher discontinuation rates were observed with the sponge at 12 months.
  • Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to clarify the role of spermicides in STI prevention and adverse effects.